berryblog

2006-02-15T01:01:00.000-08:00

Armbrust

Armbrust LAW - A light unguided anti-tank weapon developed by Germany, who later sold its manufacturing rights to Singapore, and equips 2 men in every 7-men Singapore infantry section with an anti-tank capability. The Armbrust is a recoilless gun, and its design is the only recoilless gun that may safely be fired in an enclosed space. As the projectile is forced forward by the propellant, a similar mass of shredded plastic is propelled in the opposite direction. The plastic disperses upon leaving the back of the gun, and is quickly stopped by air resistance. This is gradually replaced by Singapore-developed MATADOR (weapon) in 2004.

2006-02-14T13:00:00.000-08:00

Ecuador-national-football-team

National football team Name Ecuador Badge Ecuador-football-association.gif Nickname - Association Federaci�n Ecuatoriana de F�tbol Coach Luis Suarez Most caps Ivan Hurtado (114) Top scorer Agustin Delgado,
Eduardo Hurtado (26) pattern-la1 pattern-b1 pattern-ra1 leftarm1 FFFF00 body1 FFFF00 rightarm1 FFFF00 shorts1 0000FF socks1 FF0000 pattern-la2 pattern-b2 pattern-ra2 leftarm2 0000FF body2 0000FF rightarm2 0000FF shorts2 FFFFFF socks2 0000FF First game Bolivia national football team 1 - 1 Ecuador
(Santiago, Bolivia, 8 August, 1938) Largest win Ecuador 6 - 0 Peru national football team
(Quito, Ecuador, 22 June, 1975) Largest loss Argentina national football team 12 - 0 Ecuador
(Montevideo, Uruguay, 22 January, 1942) World cup apps 1 World cup first 2002 World cup best Round 1, Football World Cup 2002 Regional name Copa Am�rica Regional cup apps 23 Regional cup first South American Championship 1939 Regional cup best Fourth place, South American Championship 1959 (Ecuador), Copa America 1993 The Ecuador national football team is the national team of Ecuador and is controlled by the Federaci�n Ecuatoriana de F�tbol. It is historically one of the weakest teams in CONMEBOL, but it has been recently on the rise, making their first Football World Cup in Football World Cup 2002. There, an upset over Croatia national football team was not enough to get them into the second round. Their best finish in Copa Am�rica was fourth in Copa America 1993 (they also finished fourth in the extra South American Championship in South American Championship 1959 (Ecuador)).

World Cup record

Football World Cup 1930 to Football World Cup 1938 - Did not enter
Football World Cup 1950 - Withdrew
Football World Cup 1954 - Did not enter
Football World Cup 1958 - Did not enter
Football World Cup 1962 to Football World Cup 1998 - Did not qualify
Football World Cup 2002 - Round 1

Copa Am�rica record

South American Championship 1916 to South American Championship 1937 - Did not enter
South American Championship 1939 - Fifth place
South American Championship 1941 - Fifth place
South American Championship 1942 - Seventh place
South American Championship 1945 - Seventh place
South American Championship 1946 - Withdrew
South American Championship 1947 - Sixth place
South American Championship 1949 - Seventh place
South American Championship 1953 - Sixth place
South American Championship 1955 - Seventh place
South American Championship 1956 - Withdrew
South American Championship 1957 - Seventh place
South American Championship 1959 (Argentina) - Withdrew
South American Championship 1959 (Ecuador) - Fourth place
South American Championship 1963 - Sixth place
South American Championship 1967 - Did not qualify
Copa Am�rica 1975 - Round 1
Copa Am�rica 1979 - Round 1
Copa Am�rica 1983 - Round 1
Copa Am�rica 1987 - Round 1
Copa Am�rica 1989 - Round 1
Copa Am�rica 1991 - Round 1
Copa Am�rica 1993 - Fourth place
Copa Am�rica 1995 - Round 1
Copa Am�rica 1997 - Quarterfinals
Copa Am�rica 1999 - Round 1
Copa Am�rica 2001 - Round 1
Copa Am�rica 2004 - Round 1

Famous players

Alex Aguinaga
Agustin Delgado
Eduardo Hurtado
Ivan Hurtado CONMEBOL teams International Football

2006-02-14T01:01:00.000-08:00

1614

id toc - Years:
1611 1612 1613 - 1614 - 1615 1616 1617
Decades:
1580s 1590s 1600s - 1610s - 1620s 1630s 1640s - Centuries:
16th century - 17th century - 18th century 1614 in literature
1614 in science

Events

April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries England colonist John Rolfe.
October 11 - Adriaen Block and a group of Amsterdam merchants petition the States General for exclusive trading rights in the area he explored and named New Netherland.
The French French States-General meets for the last time before the era of the French Revolution. In between, France will be governed as an absolute monarchy.
John Napier publishes a paper outlining his discovery of logarithms.
The University of Groningen is established.
Institution of the Rosicrucian Order in Germany according to Fraternitas Rosae Crucis.
Toyotomi Hideyori attempts to restore Osaka Castle. Tokugawa Ieyasu, father of the Shogun, is outraged at this act, and takes the castle by storm.

Births

January 1 - John Wilkins, clergyman
July 10 - Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey

Deaths

April 7 - El Greco, artist
August 21 - Elizabeth Bathory (serial killer)

2006-02-13T12:58:00.000-08:00

Ouse-Valley-Way

The Ouse Valley Way is a 150-mile footpath following the River Great Ouse from its source near Brackley in Northamptonshire to its mouth in The Wash near Kings Lynn. There is a long-term plan to complete remaining gaps in the path, meanwhile its possible to walk the entire route although in places the footpath and river temporarily part company. The route passes many interesting places and there is much to see including attractive countryside, pretty villages, ancient English market towns, churches and a cathedral, and abundant wildlife. Towns from source to mouth include Buckingham, Milton Keynes, Olney, Milton Keynes, Bedford, England, St Neots, Huntingdon, St Ives, Cambridgeshire, Ely, Downham Market, and Kings Lynn. The route is way-marked and maintained by Countryside Agency who also provide maps and written guides online.

2006-02-13T00:59:00.000-08:00

Austin-Peay-State-University

This article is about the university in Clarksville, Tennessee named for former governor of Tennessee Austin Peay. For an article on that governor, see Austin Peay IV. Austin Peay State University is an accredited public university located in Clarksville, Tennessee, and operated by the Tennessee Board of Regents. It began when the former Southwestern Presbyterian College moved to Memphis, Tennessee in 1925 (where it is now known as Rhodes College), leaving its former campus in Clarksville unoccupied. In 1929, area civic and politics leaders encouraged the U.S. state of Tennessee to purchase the facility and operate it as a public normal school for the training of schoolteachers. This was done, and the institution was renamed in honor of former governor Austin Peay IV who had died in office in 1927, which many attributed at least in part to stress due to his battles with the state legislature over education issues. The school thus began with the formal name of Austin Peay State Normal School for Rural White Teachers. Racial desegregation, among other factors, led to a name change to Austin Peay State College, and the institution was granted university status in 1967. The school grew greatly in the late 1940s and 1950s, largely due to veterans attending under the G.I. Bill of Rights, which gave the school a large number of male students for the first time, schoolteaching at the time of the schools founding having been a largely-female occupation. At the same time, several fields of study in areas beyond education were introduced into the curriculum. Much of the recent growth of the school has been in conjunction with programs conducted in conjunction with the United States Army at nearby Fort Campbell. The schools athletic teams, some of which compete in the Ohio Valley Conference, are known as the Governors in honor of the schools namesake. The college football team participates in the Pioneer Football League. The site of Austin Peay State University has also been the site of Clarksvilles first educational institutions, Rural Academy (1806-1810) and Mount Pleasant Academy (1811-1824). Later, Clarksville Academy (1825-1848), Masonic College, (1849-1850), Montgomery County Masonic College, (1851-1854), and Stewart College (1855-1874) would occupy this area until the arrival of Southwestern Presbyterian University (1875-1925).

Buildings on Campus

Educational or Administrational

Browning Building
Claxton Building
Clement Building
Dunn Center
Ellington Building
Harned Hall
Marks Building
McCord Building
Music/Mass Communication Building
The Red Barn
Donald Sundquist Science Center
Trahern Building
University Center

Residential

Cross
Hand Village
Harvill
Killibrew Add more to this list >

Notable Alumni

Travis Beech (minor league baseball player for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays
Andre Daniel (assistant trainer and assistant strength and conditioning coach for the Milwaukee Bucks)
Riley Darnell (Tennessee House of Representatives)
A. J. Ellis (minor league baseball player for the Los Angeles Dodgers)
James Gooch (linebacker for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers)
David Hackworth (author, columnist, journalist, and war analyst)
Trenton Hassell (basketball player for the Chicago Bulls and the Minnesota Timberwolves)
Tommy Head (Tennessee House of Representatives)
George Sherill (baseball player for the Seattle Mariners)
Jamie Walker (relief pitcher for the Detroit Tigers)
Bubba Wells (basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks)
James Fly Williams
Howie Wright (1970s basketball player for the New York Knicks)

Presidents of Austin Peay

John S. Ziegler, 1929-1930
Philander Claxton, 1930-1946
Halbert Harvill, 1946-1962
Earl E. Sexton (acting), September-December 1962
Joe Morgan, 1963-1976
Robert O. Riggs, 1976-1987
Oscar C. Page, 1988-1994
Richard G. Rhoda (Interim), July-October 1994
Sal D. Rinella, 1994-2000
Sherry L. Hoppe (Interim), 2000-2001
Sherry L. Hoppe, 2001-present

2006-02-12T12:58:00.000-08:00

Shogun-Warriors

Shogun Warriors were a line of toys, made by Mattel during the late 1970s that consisted of a series of imported Japan robots all based on then-popular giant robot anime shows. They were manufactured in two sizes, the 24 inch plastic versions and the 3.5 inch diecast metal versions. Shogun Warriors included the following:
Raideen
Dragun (aka Getterobo)
Dangard Ace
Mazinger
Great Mazinger
Gaiking
Poseidon (Anime)
Combattler V
Grendizer
Godzilla The most attractive features on these toys were the spring loaded launcher weapons such as missiles, star shuriken, and battleaxes. Some robots were able to launch their fists. The diecast versions of these toys also had the ability to transform. Grandizer, for instance, was changeable into a saucerlike spaceship. But unlike the 80s toyline Transformers, Shogun Warriors transformations were based on dissasembly and reassembly into a new mode. Shogun Warriors was also licensed in 1979-1980 for a 20-issue Marvel Comics written by Doug Moench where several of the robots (Raideen, Combatra, Dangard Ace) were incorporated into Marvel Universe stories. Like certain other toylines of the 70s, the Shogun Warriors came under pressure due to safety concerns regarding their spring loaded weapons features. Toy manufacturers were facing new regulations due to reported child injuries as a result of playing with these toys. Consequently, many toy companies were forced to remodel existing toylines with child safe variations (such as spring loaded action missiles that would remain attached to the toy). For this reason, as well as decreasing sales, the Shogun Warriors toyline disappeared by 1980. Several of the anime from this toyline were seen in the 80s as part of Jim Terrys Force Five series.

2006-02-12T01:01:00.000-08:00

WBMA-LP

WBMA-LP, channel 58, known on-air as Alabamas ABC 33/40, is the ABC affiliate for Birmingham, Alabama. The station began operation on September 6, 1996, shortly after longtime ABC affiliate WBRC joined Fox. The call letters come from AlaB aM A. The 33/40 comes from its two full-power satelites, WCFT-TV in Tuscaloosa and WJSU-TV in Anniston. WBMAs signal doesnt make it too far out of Birmingham, but WCFT and WJSUs combined signals bring ABC to all of central Alabama. WBMA is owned by Allbritton Communications and operates WJSU through a local marketing agreement. The stations current slogan is Alabamas News Leader.

Newscast title

Good Morning Alabama
ABC33/40 News at Noon
Good Afternoon Alabama
ABC33/40 News at 5:00 (airs Sunday through Friday)
ABC33/40 News at 6:00 (airs Monday through Saturday)
ABC33/40 News at 10:00 (everyday)

2006-02-11T13:00:00.000-08:00

Leaf-Valley-Township,-Minnesota

Leaf Valley Township is a township located in Douglas County, Minnesota. As of the 2000 census, the township had a total population of 484.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 93.8 square kilometer (36.2 square mile). 86.6 km� (33.4 mi�) of it is land and 7.3 km� (2.8 mi�) of it is water. The total area is 7.73% water.

Demographics

As of the censusGeographic references 2 of 2000, there are 484 people, 187 households, and 146 families residing in the township. The population density is 5.6/km� (14.5/mi�). There are 338 housing units at an average density of 3.9/km� (10.1/mi�). The racial makeup of the township is 99.79% White (U.S. Census), 0.00% African American (U.S. Census), 0.00% Native American (U.S. Census), 0.00% Asian (U.S. Census), 0.00% Pacific Islander (U.S. Census), 0.00% from Race (U.S. Census), and 0.21% from two or more races. 0.62% of the population are Hispanic (U.S. Census) or Latino (U.S. Census) of any race. There are 187 households out of which 28.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.1% are Marriage living together, 4.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 21.4% are non-families. 18.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.59 and the average family size is 2.97. In the township the population is spread out with 22.7% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 30.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 43 years. For every 100 females there are 118.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 113.7 males. The median income for a household in the township is $41,500, and the median income for a family is $43,750. Males have a median income of $30,000 versus $21,429 for females. The per capita income for the township is $18,310. 8.8% of the population and 6.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 17.1% of those under the age of 18 and 3.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

2006-02-11T01:00:00.000-08:00

World-Social-Forum

The World Social Forum (WSF) is an annual meeting held by left wing members of the anti-globalization movement to coordinate world campaigns, share and refine organizing strategies, and inform each other about movements from around the world and around many different issues. It tends to meet in January when its great capitalist rival, the World Economic Forum is meeting in Davos, Switzerland. The first WSF was held from January 25 to January 30, 2001 in Porto Alegre, organized by many groups involved in the alternative globalization movement, including the French Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions for the Aid of Citizens (ATTAC). The WSF was sponsored, in part, by the Porto Alegre government, led by Brazilian Workers Party (PT). The town was experimenting with an innovative model for the local government which combined the traditional representative institutions with the participation of open assemblies of the people. 12,000 people attended from around the world. At the time, Brasil was also in a moment of transformation that later would lead to the electoral victory of the PT candidate Luiz In�cio Lula da Silva. The second WSF, also held in Porto Alegre from January 31 to February 5, 2002, had over 12,000 official delegates representing people from 123 countries, 60,000 attendees, 652 workshops, and 27 talks. One famous speaker was famed American author and self-proclaimed dissident Noam Chomsky. The third WSF was again held in Porto Alegre, in January 2003. There were many parallel workshops, including, for example the Life After Capitalism workshop, which proposed focussed discussion on non-communism, non-capitalism, participative possibilities for different aspects of social, political, economic, communication structures fourth WSF was held in Mumbai, India, from 16-21 January 2004. The attendance was expected to be 75,000 and it shot over by thousands. The cultural diversity was one notable aspect of the forum. The other notable decision that was taken was the stand on Free Software. One of the key speakers at the WSF 2004 was Joseph Stiglitz. The fifth World Social Forum for 2005 is being held in Porto Alegre, Brazil between January 26-31. In 2006 the forum will be held simultaneously in different cities around the world. The WSF has prompted the organising of many regional social forums, including the European Social Forum, the Asian Social Forum, the Boston Social Forum, and the European Education Forum. All social forums adhere to the Charter of Principles (World Social Forum) drawn up by the World Social Forum.

Criticisms

Like the World Economic Forum, the WSF produces little ideas which seems practical. The event concentrates itself in criticism against general and vague definitions of neoliberalism and imperialism, and rehabilitates ideas of the old Communism. Also the WSF states it is against the globalization, however since globalization is rather an inevitable phenomenon, almost nothing is said about how to deal with it. The w:pluralism of the ideas in the WSF can be criticized since only characters of the left and extreme-left movements are represented in the meeting. Practically there is no space to alternative ideas and criticism which desvitates from the current ideology of the participants. Defenders of totalitarial and/or anti-democratic regimes are usually present. In the first editions of the WSF were present members of revolutionary and armed groups of the FARC and ETA. In the WSF 2001 activists invaded and destroyed a plantation of experimental transgenics of the Monsanto enterprise. linksOfficial homepage
World Social Forum 2003
World Social Forum 2004

2006-02-10T13:00:00.000-08:00

Joni-Mitchell

Joni Mitchell (born Roberta Joan Anderson on November 7, 1943, in Fort Macleod, Alberta, Alberta), is a Canada musician and painter. Initially working in Toronto and western Canada, she was associated with the burgeoning folk music scene of the mid-1960s in New York City. Through the 1970s she expanded her horizons, predominantly to Rock and roll and jazz, to become one of the most highly respected singer-songwriters of the late 20th century. A painter who had also dabbled in piano, guitar and ukulele since childhood, Mitchell took her surname from a brief marriage to folksinger Chuck Mitchell in 1965. She performed frequently in coffee houses and folk clubs and became well known for her unique style of songwriting. Personal and often self-consciously poetic, her songs were strengthened by Mitchells extraordinary wide-ranging voice (with a range in pitch at one time covering over four octaves) and unique guitar playing, tuning the instrument in unorthodox manners to produce a distinctive rhythmic, driving sound. Her first songwriting credit to hit the charts, Urge for Going, was a success for country singer George Hamilton IV and for folk singer Tom Rush. The songs on her first two solo albums Joni Mitchell (Song to a Seagull) (1968) and Clouds (album) (1969) were archetypes of the nascent singer-songwriter movement of the time. Clouds represented a commercial breakthrough, containing her first two songs widely adopted by other artists, Chelsea Morning and Both Sides Now. By her third album, Ladies of the Canyon (1970), maturity brought a record infused with the spirit of California life (the canyon of the title is Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles, California) as well as containing her first major hit single, the environmental Big Yellow Taxi (song), and her song Woodstock (song), about the Woodstock festival, which was later a hit for both Crosby, Stills and Nash and Matthews Southern Comfort. (Ironically, Mitchell did not even go to Woodstock, having cancelled her appearance at the festival on the advice of her manager for fear that she would miss a scheduled appearance on The Dick Cavett Show.) Also of interest, For Free is the first of Mitchells many songs focusing on the dichotomy between the benefits of her stardom and its costs, both in terms of its pressure and of the loss of privacy and freedom it entails. This more mature, confessional approach was continued on Blue-(album) (1971), widely considered the best of this period. Exploring the various facets of relationships, from infatuation on A Case of You to insecurity on This Flight Tonight, the songs featured increasing use of piano and Appalachian dulcimer on Carey (song) and All I Want. Others were piano led, some exhibiting the rhythms associated with Rock and roll. The rock influence was still strong on her next two albums made for her new label Asylum. For the Roses (1972), whose title track continued her exploration of the themes of For Free, sold well, supported by the hit single You Turn Me On, Im a Radio. Court and Spark (1974) was a huge success, producing the international hit Free Man in Paris (inspired by stories told by her producer and then-friend David Geffen). It remains her best selling single to this day. Court and Spark was also notable for the first echoes of the influence of jazz on Mitchells work, and despite the commercial success of the more mainstream tracks, she would spend the rest of the decade producing largely jazz inflected music. The first such album, The Hissing of Summer Lawns (1975), was also a lyrical departure, with the confessional style replaced by a series of vignettes of 1970s women, from nightclub dancers (Edith and the Kingpin) to the bored wives of the wealthy (The Hissing of Summer Lawns and Harrys House). The album was stylistically diverse, with complex vocal harmonies set with African drumming (the Drum of Burundi making up the foundation of The Jungle Line). During 1975 Mitchell also participated in several concerts in the Rolling Thunder Revue tour headlined by Bob Dylan. Hejira (1976) continued Mitchells trend toward jazz, with many of the tracks led by (jazz musician) Jaco Pastoriuss fretless bass guitar. The songs themselves, however, were more similar to earlier work, with dense poetic lyrics (whose precise meaning is frequently unclear) and swooping vocal melodies providing contrast and counterpoint to the jazz rhythms of the arrangements. To some, however, Hejira lacked the concision that pop influence had given its predecessor. Don Juans Reckless Daughter (1977) was a further move away from pop toward the freedom and abstraction of jazz, a wordy double album dominated by the lengthy part-improvised Paprika Plains. The album received mixed reviews: some enjoyed its experimentation and originality, many others found it unengaging. Mitchells next work was to be a collaboration with legendary bassist Charles Mingus, who died before the project was completed. Mitchell finished the tracks with a band featuring Pastorius, Wayne Shorter and Herbie Hancock and the resulting free-form, arrhythmic music, while well received in some quarters, again found her appeal among a more selective audience. The 1980s saw Mitchells lowest recorded output since the beginning of her career. Only three albums of new material appeared, none terribly well reviewed. Seeming to reject the jazz influence, 1982s Wild Things Run Fast was an attempt to return to pop songwriting, including cover versions of Unchained Melody and (Youre So Square) Baby I Dont Care. Like its successor Dog Eat Dog (1985), questions about production values were asked, the synthesizer and drum machine-led arrangements have dated far quicker than the acoustic material of Mitchells earlier work. Chalk Mark in a Rainstorm (1988) saw Mitchell collaborating with a wealth of talent, including Willie Nelson, Tom Petty and Don Henley, but the material was again patchy and the record did not sell well, although it is doubtful that the sale has ever been more important to the artist than the art. 1991s Night Ride Home, an album Mitchell described as middle-aged love songs, was better received, but to many, the real return to form came with the Grammy winning Turbulent Indigo (1994) and Taming the Tiger (1998). A sumptuous album of songs mostly by other artists, set with orchestra, Both Sides Now (album) (2000) was received rapturously by critics and remains a strong seller. The album contained reappraisals of A Case of You and the title track Both Sides Now, two 1960s hits transposed down to Mitchells soulful alto range. Recently, Joni Mitchell has voiced her discontent with the current state of the music industry, describing it as a cesspool. She stated her dislike of the record industrys dominance, and her desire to control her own destiny, possibly through releasing her own music over the Internet. In 2002 she released Travelogue, a collection of reworkings of her previous songs with lush orchestral accompaniments, stating that it would be her final album. If so, Travelogue is an excellent reworking and recap of her staggering body of work. Mitchell was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1981 and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997. On May 1, 2002, she was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada. She received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2002, with a citation describing her as one of the most important female recording artists of the rock era and a powerful influence on all artists who embrace diversity, imagination and integrity. Mitchell received an honorary doctorate from McGill University on October 27, 2004.

Vocalists with stylistic connections

Tori Amos
Bj�rk
Kate Bush
Iris Dement
Nanci Griffith
Emmylou Harris
Rickie Lee Jones
Maynard James Keenan
Suzanne Vega
Liz Simcock
Bridget St. John

Discography

1968 Joni Mitchell (also known as Song to a Seagull)
1969 Clouds (album)
1970 Ladies of the Canyon
1971 Blue-(album)
1972 For the Roses
1974 Court and Spark
1974 Miles of Aisles (live)
1975 The Hissing of Summer Lawns
1976 Hejira
1977 Don Juans Reckless Daughter
1979 Mingus
1980 Shadows and Light (live)
1982 Wild Things Run Fast
1985 Dog Eat Dog
1988 Chalk Mark in a Rainstorm
1991 Night Ride Home
1994 Turbulent Indigo
1998 Taming the Tiger
2000 Both Sides Now
2002 Travelogue
2002 Audio interview, performance on Portrait of Jaco, the Early Years

Compilation Albums

1996 Hits
1996 Misses
2003 The Complete Geffen Recordings (4-CD box set of material 1982-91)
2004 The Beginning of Survival
2004 Dreamland

2006-02-10T01:00:00.000-08:00

The-Nemesis-(Alias-episode)

The Nemesis is a the sixth episode of the third season of the television show Alias (TV series) starring Jennifer Garner as Sydney Bristow. It was directed by Lawrence Trilling and written by Crystal Nix Hines. The Nemesis first aired on November 2, 2003.

Summary

spoiler Sydney Bristows emotions are turned inside-out when she comes face-to-face with Allison, Francie Calfos doppelganger, who was presumed dead but is now a key figure in The Covenant. Meanwhile, Lauren Reeds search for Lazareys murderer leads her closer to discovering a connection to Sydney, and Sydney begrudgingly is assigned as Arvin Sloanes CIA handler.

Guest cast

Emma Bering � Receptionist
Erik Betts � Bar Patron
Colin Campbell � Heinrich Strauss
Kurt Fuller � Robert Lindsey
Martin Horsey � Man
Peter J. Lucas � Tupikov
Alec Mapa � NSC techie
Dougald Park � Robert Lange
Zoran Radanovich � Cell Leader

2006-02-09T12:58:00.000-08:00

Visual-Pinball

Visual Pinball is a program that allows programmers to create and play 3-D renditions of pinball machines on a home Personal computer. It is unlike any pinball simulation program made previously in terms of realistic graphics and physics. This gives pinball players an opportunity to play renditions of real pinball machines that they might not otherwise ever be able to in real life.

Visual Pinball rendition of Ballys Fireball (1972)

Visual Pinball was started in February 2001 by programmer Randy Davis. Visual Pinball is roughly based on the Microsoft Visual Basic programming language for relative ease of programming, but the program itself is written in C Plus Plus with ATL (which helps in making ActiveX controls). Unfortunately, this also currently limits Visual Pinball to running on modern Microsoft Windows PCs, Visual Pinball is not currently known to work with WINE, the Windows compatibility layer for Linux. Visual Pinball can be seen as an important step in the evolution of pinball-based entertainment, especially as the availability of publicly playable machines has shrunk and currently only one manufacturer of real pinball machines (Stern Pinball, Inc.) exists today. As of 2004, there are hundreds of pinball machines that have been rendered for Visual Pinball. Modern pinball machines (especially those made after 1990) usually require the Visual PinMAME program in order to work.

2006-02-09T00:59:00.000-08:00

McGhee-Tyson-Airport

McGhee Tyson Airport is an airport in Alcoa, Tennessee, approximately 12 miles south of Knoxville, Tennessee. Its IATA Airport Code is TYS. The following airlines serve McGhee Tyson Airport:
Air Wisconsin dba United Express
American Eagle Airlines
Atlantic Coast Airlines dba Delta Connection
Atlantic Southeast Airlines dba Delta Connection
Chautauqua Airlines dba Delta Connection
Chautauqua Airlines dba US Airways Express
Comair dba Delta Connection
Continental Express
Delta Air Lines
Independence Air
Northwest Airlines
Mesa Airlines dba US Airways Express
Mesaba Airlines dba Northwest Airlink
Piedmont Airlines dba US Airways Express
Pinnacle Airlines dba Northwest Airlink
PSA Airlines dba US Airways Express
Shuttle America dba United Express
Skywest (American airline) dba Delta Connection
Skywest (American airline) dba United Express

2006-02-08T13:01:00.000-08:00

Names-of-the-Levant

Over recorded history, there have been many names of the Levant. These names have applied to a part or the whole of the Levant. On occasion, two or more of these names have been used at the same time by different cultures or sects. As a natural result, some of the names of the Levant are highly politically-charged. Perhaps the least politicized name is Levant itself, which simply means where the sun rises or where the land rises out of the sea, a meaning attributed to the regions easterly location on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea.

Retjenu

The Ancient Egypt called the Levant Retjenu.

Canaan

Akkadian language Kinahnu
Canaanite languages k�n��n
Greek language aaa, Khanaan
Tiberian Hebrew / Kn�an / Knan
Arabic language Kann
Standard Hebrew Kn�an Before and during the early Hebrews settlements in the region, the land was called Canaan (first recorded in Akkadian language as Kinahnu), and its indigenous people were the Canaanites. The Phoenicians, who spoke a Canaanite language at their Mediterranean Sea ports, also called themselves and their land Canaan.

Phnicia

Greek language F, Phoin�k
Latin Phnicia
Arabic language Fnqyah
Standard Hebrew Finiqiyya In ancient times, the Greeks called the whole of Canaan Phoenicia. Today, the general consensus associates the Phnician homeland proper with the northwest coastal region of the Levant, centered at Phnician ports such as Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos. Today, this place is usually equated with modern Lebanon and the coast of modern Syria.

Isra�l

Canaanite languages y��r��l
Greek language sa, Isral
Latin Isra�l
Tiberian Hebrew Yirl
Standard Hebrew Yisrael
Arabic language Isrl For a brief period of several decades, Kingdom of Israel under David and Solomon ruled the majority of Canaan, though not most of the Phnician and Philistine coastal lands. Today, the Greater Israel ambition is advocated by some of the more radical adherents of Zionism, though this sentiment is not as readily shared by the more secular population of the Israel.

Assyria and Syria

Assyria
Canaanite languages ��w�r
Tiberian Hebrew A�r
Standard Hebrew Aur
Syria
Greek language Sa, Syria
Arabic language Sriyyah
Standard Hebrew Suriyya During Persia rule of the Middle-east, the Greeks and Romans came to call the region Syria, believed to have been named after Assyria and the Aramaic language they spread over the entire region. Herodotus used the combined name Syria Palaistina. In the 20th century, the Greater Syria aspiration rose out of Arab nationalism. Its intent was to unite all the Levantine Arab peoples under a single Syrian nation with Damascus as its capital. Under this distinction, modern Syria and Lebanon were called northern Syria, and modern Israel, Gaza, West Bank and Jordan were called southern Syria. However, with the foundation of Isra�l, the independence of the nation states of the region and the onset of the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Greater Syria ideology gradually diminished, and after the Six-Day War the notion was largely abandoned in favor of supporting an independent Palestinian state instead.

Philistia and Palestine

Philistia
Canaanite languages p�l��t
Tiberian Hebrew / Pl�e / Ple
Standard Hebrew / Pl�et / Pl�et
Palestine
Greek language aasta, Palaistina
Latin Pal�stina
Arabic language Filasn
Standard Hebrew Palestina�
Standard Hebrew Filastin� Palestine derives from Philistia and its Philistine people, first recorded by the Ancient Egypt as a member of the invading Sea Peoples or Peleset. Though originally applied only to the southwest coast where the Philistines lived, later Herodotus called the whole area Syria Palaistina. The Romans used it to refer to the southern part of the region, and the name was carried on as a province name by the Byzantines and Arabs. However, after Greek times it usually reserved for only the southern portion of the Levant. �As a side note, Standard Hebrew has two names for Palestine, both of which are different from the Hebrew name for ancient Philistia. The first name Palestina was used by Hebrew speakers in the British Mandate of Palestine, it is spelled like the name for Philistia but with three more letters added to the end and a Latin pronunciation given. The second name Filastin is a direct loan from the Arabic language form, and is used today specifically to refer to the modern Palestinians and to political aspirations for a Palestinian state.

ash-Sham

Arabic languages a-m The name ash-Sham comes from an Arabic root meaning left or north � became the name of the Levant, and its capital of the time Damascus, under the Caliphate.

Levant

Medieval Italys called the region the Levant, after its easterly location where the sun rises, it was adopted from Italian language and French language into many other languages.

Outremer

Franks Crusaders called the Levant Outremer in French language, which simply means overseas. In France, this general term was colloquially applied more specifically to the Levant because of heavy Frankish involvement in the Crusades and the foundation of the Roman Catholic Church Kingdom of Jerusalem and other Latin settlements scattered throughout the area.

Holy Land

Hebrew languages �r� h�q�d�
Latin Terra Sancta
Tiberian Hebrew �re haqQ
Standard Hebrew �re haQode The Holy Land is a somewhat neutral term used in Judeo-Christian tradition to refer to the holy sites of the Levant � especially Shiloh (Biblical), Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth � but is also often used to refer to the Levant (and historical Canaan) as a whole. Note that this term in Islam refers not only to the Levant, but to the Arabia region of Hijaz where the holy cities of Makkah and Madinah are located. See also Names of Jerusalem.

2006-02-08T00:59:00.000-08:00

William-Wiley

William Wiley was a sailor of the United States Navy in the 1800s who served in the First Barbary War. Besides a few details of his service in the Navy, little is known of the life of William Wiley. He entered the Navy on 2 April 1803 and was assigned to the schooner USS Enterprise (1799) in the Mediterranean squadron. After attaining the rates of boatswain, boatswains mate, and then a reduction to quartermaster, Wiley took part in the daring raid led by Lieutenant Stephen Decatur, Jr., in the ketch USS Intrepid (1798) at Tripoli harbor on 16 February 1804, destroying the frigate USS Philadelphia (1799) in the engagement. Quartermaster Wiley was transferred to the brig USS Scourge (1804) soon thereafter, and this is where his documentary trail ends. USS Wiley (DD-597) (DD-597), (1944� 1968), was named in his honor.

2006-02-07T13:00:00.000-08:00

Fiscal-imbalance

Fiscal imbalance (in French d�s�quilibre fiscal) is the term used in Quebec and Canada to describe a monetary imbalance between the Politics of Canada and the Politics of Quebec and provincial governments.

Description

According to the fiscal imbalance theory, Ottawa has achieved an important surplus by cutting its contributions towards provinces, leaving them with responsibilities much too expensive for their resources. A major work having developed the theory is the Seguin Report, commanded by then Premier of Quebec Bernard Landry and accomplished by now Quebec Minister of Finance Yves S�guin.

Quebec

It has been, these past few years, a major issue brought by all parties of the National Assembly of Quebec. The Parti lib�ral du Qu�bec proposes to work with the federal government to solve the problem and give back money to Quebec. Yves S�guin, of the PLQ, proposes transferring control of the GST from Ottawa to the Quebec government. The Parti Qu�b�cois holds that Quebec sovereigntism will solve the imbalance, with all powers to impose taxes brought back to Quebec City and proposes, until then, to struggle to convince the federal government to give back money to Quebec.

Canada

All major parties but the Liberals recognize a monetary imbalance between Ottawa and the provinces and speak of plans to reduce it, the Bloc Qu�b�cois probably being the strongest denouncer of the situation. Paul Martin and his Liberals prefer to speak of a fiscal pressure on provinces, therefore not admiting directly a responsibility of the Canadian government. Their stance on a solution is not clear: sometimes, a sharp closeness is voiced, like when Martin wrote an open letter to the Quebec finance minister suggesting to Quebec City a raise of their own taxes, sometimes (especially during the campaign), a will to work on the fiscal pressure problem is presented by the Liberal party. The Bloc suggested that the Goods and Services Tax (Canada) be given to the provinces.

2006-02-07T01:00:00.000-08:00

Rowland,-North-Carolina

Rowland is a town located in Robeson County, North Carolina. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 1,146.

Geography

Rowland is located at 34�327 North, 79�1733 West (34.535357, -79.292548) GR 1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.7 square kilometer (1.1 square mile). 2.7 km� (1.1 mi�) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.

Demographics

As of the census GR 2 of 2000, there are 1,146 people, 487 households, and 302 families residing in the town. The population density is 417.4/km� (1,079.8/mi�). There are 542 housing units at an average density of 197.4/km� (510.7/mi�). The racial makeup of the town is 26.70% White (U.S. Census), 67.98% African American (U.S. Census), 4.45% Native American (U.S. Census), 0.00% Asian (U.S. Census), 0.00% Pacific Islander (U.S. Census), 0.17% from Race (U.S. Census), and 0.70% from two or more races. 0.35% of the population are Hispanic (U.S. Census) or Latino (U.S. Census) of any race. There are 487 households out of which 25.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.8% are Marriage living together, 25.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% are non-families. 35.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 20.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.35 and the average family size is 3.05. In the town the population is spread out with 26.4% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 80.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 69.8 males. The median income for a household in the town is $18,021, and the median income for a family is $27,679. Males have a median income of $23,571 versus $20,125 for females. The per capita income for the town is $14,411. 31.3% of the population and 23.1% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 44.9% of those under the age of 18 and 35.3% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

2006-02-06T13:01:00.000-08:00

Federal-Funds

Federal Funds transactions redistribute bank reserves. Federal funds are reserve balances at Federal Reserve Banks that can be transferred between depository institutions within the same business day. Banks keep reserves at Federal Reserve Banks to meet their reserve requirements and to clear financial transactions, and transactions in the federal funds market enable depository institutions with reserve balances in excess of reserve requirements to sell reserves to institutions with reserve deficiencies. Federal funds transactions neither increase nor decrease total bank reserves. Instead, they redistribute bank reserves and enable otherwise idle funds to yield a return. Participants in the federal funds market include commercial banks, thrift institutions, agencies and branches of foreign banks in the United States, federal agencies, and government securities dealers. Many relatively small institutions that accumulate reserves in excess of their requirements lend reserves overnight to money center and large regional banks, and to foreign banks operating in the United States. Federal agencies also lend idle funds in the federal funds market. Federal funds can be called the heart of the money market in the sense that they are the core of the overnight market for credit in the United States. Moreover, current and expected interest rates on federal funds are the basic rates to which all other money market rates are anchored. First, they are short-term borrowings of immediately available money funds which can be transferred between depository institutions within a single business day. In 1991, nearly three-quarters of federal funds were overnight borrowings. In 1991, total daily average gross RP (Repurchase agreement) and federal funds borrowings by large commercial banks were roughly $200 billion, of which approximately $135-140 billion were federal funds. Competition among banks for funds ties the RP rate closely to the federal funds rate. The RP rate has historically been below the federal funds rate because RPs are collateralized, which makes them safer than federal funds, and because arranging RPs entails additional transactions costs. Data on RP rates paid by banks to their corporate customers are not available, but from 1983 to 1990 the dealer RP rate (the rate government security dealers pay to obtain funds through RPs) was around 20 to 25 basis points below the federal funds rate. For reasons hard to explain, the dealer RP rate was higher than the federal funds rate during most of 1991.

2006-02-06T00:57:00.000-08:00

European-Film-Awards

The European Movie Awards are the most prestigious paneuropean movie awards. Similar to the Academy Awards in many ways, the European Movie Awards are selected by the European Film Acedemy. They are reserved to European cinema and European producers and actors. Extremely popular since their inception in 1988 their importance and prestige diminished in mid-90s despite stronger than ever cultural integration within Europe. The beginning of the 21st century marked a certain rise of interest towards these awards. The 2004 prices was given out on 11 December in Barcelona, Spain. The awards are given in over 10 categories of which the most important is the Film of the year. The Winners from the past Best Film
1988 A Short Film About Killing - Krzysztof Kieslowski - Poland.
1989 Landscape in the Mist - Theo Angelopoulos - Greece.
1990 Open Doors - Gianni Amelio - Italy.
1991 Riff-Raff - Ken Loach - United Kingdom.
1992 The Stolen Children - Gianni Amelio - Italy.
1993 Urga (movie) (The Territory of Love) - Nikita Mikchalkov - Russia.
1994 Lamerica - Gianni Amelio - Italy.
1995 Land and Freedom - Ken Loach - United Kingdom.
1996 Breaking The Waves - Lars von Trier - Denmark.
1997 The Full Monty - Peter Cattaneo - United Kingdom.
1998 Life is Beautiful - Roberto Benigni - Italy.
1999 All About My Mother - Pedro Almod�var - Spain.
2000 Dancer In The Dark - Lars von Trier - Denmark.
2001 Am�lie - Jean-Pierre Jeunet - France.
2002 Talk to Her - Pedro Almod�var - Spain.
2003 Good Bye, Lenin - Wolfgang Becker - Germany.
2004 Head-On (Gegen die Wand) - Fatih Akin - Germany.

2006-02-05T12:58:00.000-08:00

Chimney

building A chimney is a system for venting hot gases and smoke from a stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere. They are typically almost vertical to ensure the hot gases flow smoothly, drawing air into the combustion through convection. Chimneys may be found in buildings and steam locomotives and ships (for the latter, the US term is smokestack) Chimneys have traditionally been built of brick, both in small and large buildings. Early chimneys were of a simple brick construction. Later chimneys were constructed by placing the bricks around tile liners. To control downdrafts venting caps with a variety of designs are sometimes placed on the top of chimneys. Due to bricks limited ability to handle traverse loads, chimneys in houses were often build in a stack, with a fireplace on each floor of the house sharing a single chimney, often with such a stack at the front and back of the house. Todays central heating systems have made chimney placement less critical, and the use of non-structural double-wall metal piping allows it to be bent around obstructions and through walls., 1514 Masonry (brick) chimneys have proved particularly susceptible to crumbling during earthquakes. Government housing authorities in quake-prone cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles, California now recommend building new homes with stud-framed chimneys around a metal flue. (Bracing or strapping old masonry chimneys has not proved to be very effective in preventing damage or injury from earthquakes.) Perhaps predictably, a new industry provides faux-brick facades to cover these modern chimney structures. Industrial chimneys were typically external structures, as opposed to being built into the wall of a building. Most often they were located near a central boiler, and the gases carried to it with external ductwork. Today the use of single-pour concrete has almost entirely replaced brick in this role., 360 metre high, serving Trbovlje coal power station A characteristic problem with chimneys is they develop deposits of creosote on the walls of the structure when used with wood as a fuel. Deposits of this substance can interfere with the airflow and more importantly, they are flammable and can cause dangerous chimney fires if the deposits ignite in the chimney. Thus, in the United States it is recommended that chimneys be inspected annually and cleaned on a regular basis to prevent these problems. The workers who perform this task professionally are called chimney sweeps. Other problems include spalling brick, in which moisture seeps into the brick and then freezes, cracking and flaking the brick and loosening mortar seals. The term chimney may also be applied to natural features, particularly in rock formations.

2006-02-05T00:59:00.000-08:00

Embryophyte

The embryophytes are the most familiar group of plants, including trees, flowers, ferns, mosses, and various others. All are complex multicellular organisms with specialized reproductive organs and, with very few exceptions, they obtain their energy through photosynthesis, i.e. by absorbing light, and synthesize food from carbon dioxide. They may be distinguished from multicellular algae by having sterile tissue within the reproductive organs. Further, embryophytes are primarily adapted for life on land, although some are secondarily aquatic. Accordingly they are often called the higher plants or land plants. Embryophytes developed from complex green algae during the Palaeozoic era. Their closest living relatives are the Charales or stoneworts. These algae undergo an alternation of generations between haploid and diploid generations, respectively called gametophytes and sporophytes. In the first embryophytes, however, the sporophytes became very different in structure and function, remaining small and dependent on its parent for its entire brief life. Such plants are called bryophytes, they include three surviving groups:
moss (mosses)
hornwort (hornworts)
liverwort (liverworts) All bryophytes are relatively small and are confined to moist environments, relying on water to disperse their spores. Other plants better adapted to terrestrial conditions appeared during the Silurian, and during the Devonian they diversified and spread to many different land environments. These are called vascular plants or tracheophytes. They have vascular tissues or tracheids, which transport water throughout the body, and an outer layer or cuticle that resists dessication. In most the sporophyte is the dominant individual, and develops true leaf, stems, and roots, while the gametophyte remains very small. Many vascular plants still reproduce using spores, including the following extant groups:
Lycopodiophyta (clubmosses)
Equisetophyta (horsetails)
whisk fern (whisk ferns)
Ophioglossophyta (adders-tongues and grape-ferns)
Pteridophyta (ferns) Other groups, which first appeared towards the end of the Palaeozoic, reproduce using dessication-resistant capsules called seeds. They are accordingly are called spermatophytes or seed plants. In these forms the gametophyte is completely reduced, taking the form of single-celled pollen and ovum, and the sporophyte begins its life enclosed within the seed. Some seed plants may survive in extremely arid conditions. They include the following extant groups:
Cycadophyta (Cycads)
Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo)
Pinophyta (Conifers)
Gnetae (Gnetae)
Flowering plant (Flowering plants) The first four groups are referred to as gymnosperms, since the embryonic sporophyte is not enclosed until after pollination. In contrast, the flowering plants or angiosperms the pollen has to grow a tube to penetrate the seed coat. They were the last major group of plants to appear, developing from gymnosperms during the Jurassic and spreading rapidly during the Cretaceous. They are the predominant group of plants in most terrestrial biomes today. Note the higher-level classification of plants varies considerably. Some authors have restricted the kingdom Plantae to include only embryophytes, others have given them various names and ranks. The groups listed here are often considered divisions or phyla, but have also been treated as classes, and they are occasionally compressed into as few as two divisions. On a microscopic level, embryophyte cells remain very similar to those of green algae. They are eukaryote, with a cell wall composed of cellulose and plastids surrounded by two membranes. These usually take the form of chloroplasts, which conduct photosynthesis and store food in the form of starch, and characteristically are pigmented with chlorophylls a and b, generally giving them a bright green color. Embryophytes also generally have an enlarged central vacuole or tonoplast, which maintains cell turgor and keeps the plant rigid. They lack flagellum and centrioles except in certain gametes.

2006-02-04T12:58:00.000-08:00

The-Jimmy-Swift-Band

The Jimmy Swift Band is a Jam/Electronica band based out of Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada. Composed of Craig Mercer on lead guitar/vocals, Mike Macdougall on bass, Aaron Collier on Keyboards/Effects, and Paul Christian on drums the band is touted as being one of Atlantic Canadas best live performances. Originally known as PF Station the band draws their name from the name of the subject of one of PF Stations songs, A Night In The Life of Fly Jimmy Swift. Combining intricate guitar and a distinctly electronica keyboard sound with a dance rock style rythm section, the band is well known for its lengthy progressive instrumental jams that get the crowd up and moving. Having a relentless touring schedule the band takes their sound and vibe all across Canada and have played numerous festivals including Nova Scotias Evolve Festival and Prince Edward Islands Shoreline Festival. The group are at the head of a growing Atlantic Canada Jam scene and frequently play with fellow scene mates Grand Theft Bus, and Slowcoaster along with many others. In 2004 the band produced their first video, for the single Two Hands on the Wheel.

Discography

Now They Will Know We Were Here
Onward Through The Fog
The Rebirth Of Hooch (live)

2006-02-04T01:00:00.000-08:00

College-Bowl

College Bowl Company, Incorporated runs and operates the College Bowl format of quizbowl. Originating in a United Service Organizations activity created by Canadian Don Reid for World War II soldiers, the game was developed into a radio show by Reid and John Moses. Grant Tinker, later President of NBC and MTM Productions, got his start as an assistant on the show. The first College Quiz Bowl match was played on NBC radio October 10, 1953, when Northwestern University defeated Columbia University 135-60. 26 episodes ran the first season. Winning teams received $500 grants for their school. Good Housekeeping magazine became sponsor for the 1954-55 season, and a short third season in the autumn of 1955 finished the run. The most dominant team was the University of Minnesota, which had teams appear in 23 of the 68 broadcast matches. Though a pilot was shot in the spring of 1955, the game didnt move to television until 1959. As G.E. College Bowl with General Electric as the primary sponsor, the show ran on CBS from 1959 to 1962, and moved back to NBC for 1962 through 1970. Allen Ludden was the original host, but left to do Password full time in 1962. Robert Earle was moderator for the rest of the run. The show licensed and spun-off three other academic competitions in the U.S.: Alumni Fun, which appeared on all three major TV networks in the 1960s, Bible Bowl, which has evolved into at least three separate national competitions, and High School Bowl, which is still broadcast in some local tv markets. In 1970 modern invitational tournaments began with the Southeastern Invitational Tournament, and the circuit expanded through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. These tournaments increasingly made various modifications to the College Bowl format, and came to be known as quiz bowl. Earlier invitational tournaments, such as the Syraquiz at Syracuse University, had occurred in the 1950s. The game returned to radio from 1974 to 1976, hosted by Art Fleming, and has made two more television appearances: 1984 on NBC, hosted by Pat Sajak and 1987 on Disney Channel, hosted by Dick Cavett. (Both won by the University of Minnesota) After a few years of dormancy, College Bowl returned in a non-broadcast format in the 1980s, with a contract with Association of College Unions, International (ACUI). In the 1987 and 1988 regional tournaments, College Bowl was accused of recycling questions from previous tournaments, thereby corrupting the results (questions for tournaments need to be fresh, or certain teams will have an inherent advantage). In addition, the company claimed a copyright on the idea of quizbowl competitions, and attempted to extract a licensing fee from invitational tournaments, threatening to blacklist schools which hosted invitationals and did not pay the licensing fee. If the intent was chilling the invitational circuit, it failed, as these developments and the growing Internet community of quiz bowl players led to an explosion of teams, tournaments, and formats. In the 1990s with the rise of the Academic Competition Federation and the National Academic Quiz Tournaments, both with their own national championships, the leverage of College Bowl Incorporated withered, and several schools de-affiliated from College Bowl (which has a higher participation cost). College Bowl retains the ACUI contract, and administers the Honda Campus All-Star Challenge at historically black colleges. A United Kingdom version of the televised College Bowl competition was launched as University Challenge in 1962. The programme, presented by Bamber Gascoigne, was very popular and ran until it was taken off the air in 1987. In 1994 the show was resurrected by the BBC with Jeremy Paxman as the new quiz master. The programme remains very popular in Britain.

Reference

Nasr, Carol (1969) The College Bowl Quiz Book. Doubleday, New York.

2006-02-03T12:57:00.000-08:00

SAMU-Social

A SAMU Social is a municipal emergency service in several cities in France whose purpose is to provide care and medical aid to homeless people. This is partially accomplished via mobile units which distribute food, hot drinks, blankets, etc. It was founded by Xavier Emmanuelli in 1993. He also founded the SAMU Social International in 1998, with an international aim. The SAMU Social de Paris lists the following goals as its mission:
At night: mobile assistance teams
24-hour management of the 1-1-5 emergency telephone number
24-hour emergency shelters for nursing care
During the day: reception at the Solidarity-Insertion-Centre
Increase the scientific knowledge of impoverished populations, from precarious situations to total exclusion, by identifying and analysing the sanitary and social problematic
Observing the phenomenon of wanderings, by establishing a typology of populations, tracking their paths and monitoring the social indicators The name comes from SAMU (service daide m�dicale urgente, emergency medical assistance) which is the french Emergency medical service, the acronym has become a kind of word, synonym to emergency action. A new signification was find to this acronym: service ambulatoire durgences (mobile emrgency service).

2006-02-02T22:34:00.000-08:00

Socialist-Equality-Party

The Socialist Equality Party is the name of several branches of the Trotskyist International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI), the largest being in the United States. They are best known for publishing the World Socialist Web Site. In the United States, the SEP ran Congressional candidates and a Presidential ticket in the 2004 elections. It nominated Bill Van Auken for President and Jim Lawrence for Vice-President in the 2004 Presidential elections, in which its main call was for the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of all US troops from Iraq. The origins of the SEP lie in the Socialist Workers Party (US) (SWP) of the early 1960s. Tim Wohlforth was a youth leader in that party and was opposed to the course of the organisation. With others, including James Robertson, he formed a tendency within the SWP called the Revolutionary Tendency (RT). It developed links with Gerry Healys Socialist Labour League in Britain. The two main leaders of the RT had different evaluations of the SWP. Robertsons position led the SWP to expel him and his supporters first. Wohlforths split the RT by remaining in the SWP. His supporters formed a group named the Reorganised Minority Tendency, but were themselves expelled a short while later. They claimed that this was due to their criticisms of the Sri Lankan Lanka Sri Samaja Parti. They then formed the American Committee of the Fourth International (ACFI) and became the United States section of the ICFI, which by then was dominated by Healy. The ACFI grew throughout the 1960s along with most leftist groupings. It used similar recruitment techniques to Healys SLL, for instance drawing youth towards the group based on the organisation of events which combined entertainment and politics. Recruits were then encouraged to work for the group carrying out tasks at a frantic rate. The result was a high turnover of members through burnout. The ACFI was renamed the Workers League and developed into a nationwide organisation with hundreds of members, but suffered a collapse in 1972. As the leadership had so closely aligned themselves with Gerry Healy, when he decided that Wohlforth and Nancy Fields were no longer the right people to run the group and he declared that they were agents of the CIA, they resigned from the group with little resistance. In the midst of turmoil in Healys group, by then called the Workers Revolutionary Party, the group renamed itself the Socialist Equality Party in 1995. It is now based in Michigan and recently endorsed John Christopher Burton when he ran in the California recall. Other Socialist Equality Parties linked to the one in the United States exist in Australia, Canada, Germany, Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom.

Presidential candidates

1984 - Edward Winn
1988 - Edward Winn
1992 - Helen Halyard
1996 - Jerome White
2004 - Bill Van Auken